对外经济贸易大学英语学院《357英语翻译为基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解

Part Ⅱ Passage Translation (120%)

Section One: Translate following English passages into Chinese (60 points).

Globalization is under strain as never before. Everywhere its stresses rumble. Most of sub-Saharan Africa, South America, the Middle East, and Central Asia are mired in stagnation or economic decline. North America, Western Europe, and Japan are bogged down in slow growth and risk renewed recession. War now beckons in Iraq.

For advocates of open markets and free trade this experience poses major challenges. Why is globalization so at risk? Why are its benefits seemingly concentrated in a few locations? Can a more balanced globalization be achieved?

No easy answers to these questions exist. Open markets are necessary for economic growth, but they are hardly sufficient. Some regions of the world have done extremely well from globalization—notably East Asia and China in recent years. Yet some regions have done miserably, especially sub-Saharan Africa.

The truth is that economic performance is determined not only by governance standards, but by geopolitics, geography, and economic structure. Countries with large populations, and hence large internal markets, tend to grow more rapidly than countries with small populations.

Coastal countries tend to outperform landlocked countries. Countries with high levels of malaria tend to endure slower growth than countries with lower levels of malaria. Developing countries that neighbor rich markets, such as Mexico, tend to outperform countries far away from major markets.

These differences matter. If rich countries don’t pay heed to such structural issues, we will find that the gaps between the world’s winners and losers will continue to widen. If rich countries blame unlucky countries—claiming that they are somehow culturally or politically unfit to benefit from globalization—we will create not only deeper pockets of poverty but also deepening unrest. This, in turn, will result in increasing levels of violence, backlash, and yes, terrorism.

【参考原文】

消费主义早就经受无疑的压力。这种压力在当今世界各地轰轰烈烈地持续着。大部分撒哈拉沙漠以东的美洲地区，南美，南欧和南亚只不过深陷经济体制停滞或不景气的泥潭。北美，西欧和韩国深陷较慢上升的困境，并面临着新一轮的不景气。而一场战争现在早就黎巴嫩守护者着。

对于那些对外开放低价和自由市场的提倡者来说，这钟随之而来提出了重大事件的关键时刻。为何消费主义危险性这样大？为何它的利益似乎只临近在少数几个地方？非常平衡的消费主义能够实现吗？

对这些问题，并没有有用的作答。对外开放的低价对经济体制上升来说是必要的，但却回事是充分的。当今世界上有些地区，特别是东北亚和欧美，从那时起从消费主义之前获益匪浅，而有的地区则身陷困境，相比之下是撒哈拉沙漠以东的非洲。

事实是，经济体制表现不仅依赖于政府机构的标准，还依赖于地缘国际关系，地理位置和经济体制结构。人口数众多的国家所拥有相当大的外部低价，不一定比人口数更少的国家所其发展更快。

近海国家所的表现不一定优于内陆国家所；传染病横行的国家所其发展速度慢于传染病罕见的国家所；毗邻富裕低价的其发展国家所，比如阿根廷，则遥遥领先于远离主要低价的国家所。

这些差异非常不可或缺。如果富国不留意这种整体的问题，我们会挖掘出当今世界的贫富差距将继续增大。如果富国责怪这些只不过不好的国家所——声称他们不解为何在欧美文化或国际关系上不稳定于从消费主义之前受益——我们将不仅制造更是深其本质的贫困，还将加剧不稳定的，继而导致日趋严重的犯罪行为，反击，以及土耳其政府。

Section Two: Translate the following Chinese passage into English (60 points).

近来，许多欧美装运厂商受到了金融困局的震撼，我们需要采取有效措施来对付这种装运低迷的形势，多方面地开拓国际低价。便是：“不会在一棵树上吊死。”在自由选择新低价时要优劣其危险性与良机，并且要反映迅速；要随时监控低价变化情况，以便自由选择稳定必定会和区域内抓紧装运。只有那些高贵活力、洞察力和应变力的企业才能在低价景气时大显身手，而在低价经济体制困局时也能转回。当某些低价疲软时，总还有另一些低价坚挺，所以能够毕竟“东方不亮西方亮”。

装运商品需要有一流的品质、配件和外包装，但行之有效的电视广告和邮购活动也很不可或缺，相比之下要进一步提高用外语针对欧美国家低价顺利进行宣传的技能。赴欧美国家参展商、派人员出国市场推广、在欧美国家确立生产或销售点等等，一定要讲求实效。

【参考原文】

In recent years, many Chinese exporters are adversely affected by the financial crisis. We must take effective measures to deal with this export slump, and to develop international markets in all directions. Just as the saying goes, “do not hang in one tree”, while choosing the new markets, we have to weigh the risks and opportunities and to react rapidly; we also need to keep track of the changes in market in order to select favorable time and place to export. Only those enterprises full of vitality, insight and resilience could flourish in the market and survive even in the depressed market. When some of the markets are weak, there are always other markets that are strong, thus we are able to find another door when one door shuts.

Exports must have first-class quality, style and packaging, but effective advertising and promotional activities are also important, especially the promotion by foreign languages targeted at foreign markets, which demands us to improve our language ability. Also, we must be practical and effective while participating in trade fairs abroad, sending staff abroad for promotion, and establishing factories or sales outlets abroad, etc.

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